Zinc is an essential plant nutrient and is one of the most ubiquitous trace metals present in the soil.
Efforts have been promoted to develop new approaches for soil removal and cleaning of heavy metals by microfungi as plant symbionts with enhanced cleaning efficiency. Increase human health by minimizing the environmental risks posed by the accumulation of several toxic HMs in the soil (e.g., Cu, Cd, Pb, and Zn), accompanied by the high cost of cleaning soil contaminated by HMs. Na, K, Cu, Zn, Co, Ca, Mg, Mn and Fe) and cause harmful effects to the environment, by affecting biomass and crop yields, soil fertility and, ultimately, human health. Cd, Pb and As) or above certain threshold concentrations (e.g. HMs are mainly phytotoxic, either at all levels (e.g. Heavy metals (HMs) naturally occurring in the environment are not the main source of risk rather the industrial processing of these elements and their deposition into the environment due to this process.
